Dec 30, 2017 in this guide, we will examine the main concepts behind authoritarian leadership and study the core characteristics of the style and the leaders who use it. In this article, we first summarize the most important theories, constructs, and processes in the body of knowledge regarding leadership. Power sharing and leadership dynamics in authoritarian regimes. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Normative theories are more focused in the relationship between press and the government than press and the audience. While autocratic leadership is one of the least popular management styles, its also among the most common.
Autocratic leadership style unl digital commons university of. Since the beginning of civilization, people have sought answers to the questions of who becomes a leader and why. An autocratic leader will not listen to the ideas of her subordinates and. This leadership style can be problematic when overused because it can come off as domineering and tyrannical. Often referred to as autocratic leadership, authoritarian leadership is about control, organisation and discipline and while it still has a place in the leaders toolbox, it was regarded as the most prominent style almost one hundred years ago. After reading you will understand the background and the practical basics of these leadership styles what is theory x and theory y. Well also delve into the advantages and disadvantages of the framework, before looking at examples of authoritarian leaders with their weaknesses and strengths. Successful instructional leadership styles in education gina smith, grand canyon university maria minor, kaplan university henry brashen, clear and effective communications kristie remaly, walden university abstract the purpose of this research study was to explore the dominant leadership styles of online college instructors.
Authoritarian socialism, or socialism from above, is an economic and political system supporting some form of socialist economics while rejecting political liberalism. One of the most intriguing expressions of human behavior is the leaderfollower phenomenon. Chief librarians that autocratic leadership style, no matter the colour it is painted remains a leadership style that. While those who rely on this approach to heavily are often seen as. Because knowledge is seen as power, critical information may be withheld from the team. As a term, it refers to a set of economicpolitical systems describing themselves as socialist and rejecting the liberal democratic concepts of multiparty politics, freedom of assembly, habeas corpus and freedom of expression. It then discusses another way of categorizing leadership styles, based on the leadership grid, and explores the view that a leader needs to use different styles in different situations. She supervises 21 enlisted personnel who perform a variety. Authoritarians are necessary to control the media to protect and prevent the people from the national threats through any form communication information or news. Authoritarian system encyclopedia of life support systems. Instrumental leadership has a negative influence on effectiveness in small organizations.
The next section of the chapter is devoted to an account of the characteristics that a. As with any leadership style, those practicing the authoritarian leadership style bring a series of advantages and disadvantages worth considering. We provide details of empirical evidence from direct tests of the theory that focus on four aspects of extremism. This study sought to determine the influence of authoritarian leadership on social, economic and political development. Introduction authoritarianism is a theory and a system of government customarily linked with dictatorship, in contrast to democracy. Based on this, no sampling of this population was carried out.
I have chosen two theories to discuss in this paper that is autocratic leadership theory the transformational leadership theory. Authoritarian leadership this series of four articles will explore four different leadership styles and how the style can affect a group in accomplishing a goal. It is the theory which was almost automatically adopted by most countries when society and technology became sufficiently developed to produce what today we call the mass media of. Autocratic leadership style is a classical leadership approach that functions by commanding workers, without providing them explanations or including them in the decision making process.
Authoritarian leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time for group. The lessons of exemplary models for democratic governance sanghan choi. Both theories are total contradictory with each other because both have a different perspective. Lastly, wanjala 2014 found out that the leadership style of a manager path goal leadership styles affects the employee job performance either negatively or positively. Authoritarian leaders make unilateral decisions and prevail over subordinates. Oct 15, 2018 also known as the authoritarian leadership theory, the autocratic leadership theory involves taking charge of the group in the same way a dictator might take control of a country. Lewins study found that participative leadership, also known as democratic leadership, is generally the most effective leadership style. Authoritarians are necessary to control the media to protect and prevent the people from the national threats through any form communication information or. An autocratic leader will not listen to the ideas of her subordinates and will make all highlevel decisions on her own. The authoritarian leadership style in africa has led to political instability, increased poverty, unemployment, low living standards, and little or no economic growth. This is followed by an examination of the theories of leadership, principles and styles of leadership.
This study further proposes that the effect of authoritarian leadership on lmx is stronger when a subordinate has less dependence on a leader. Jan 16, 2020 authoritarian leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time for group decisionmaking or where the leader is the most knowledgeable member of the group. Leadership is the ability to move a group towards a common goal that would not be. Of the four theories of the relation of the press to society or to government, the authoritarian has been most pervasive both historically and geographically. Presented here are four major theories behind the functioning of the worlds presses. Mar 06, 2016 authoritarian leadership is a leadership style in which the leader dictates and controls all decisions in the group and task. Often referred to as autocratic leadership, authoritarian leadership is about control, organisation and discipline and while it still has a place in the leader s toolbox, it was regarded as the most prominent style almost one hundred years ago. We draw from theories of motivation and personenvironment fit to explain the mediating roles of psychological safety and organizationbased selfesteem, and the moderating effects of power distance orientation.
She has been on active duty for a year and in her present job for 10 months. Dyczkowska et al democratic or autocratic leadership style 194 that smes, which generate 70. There is an expectation that they will be followed all the time. Nov 25, 2014 autocratic leadership is vital in many workplace environments. These theories are more concern about the ownership of the media and who controls the press or media in the country. The authoritarian or autocratic leadership style is demonstrated when a leader makes all decisions without considering input from staff. Dec 30, 2015 authoritarian leadership, also known as autocratic leadership, is a management style in which an individual has total decisionmaking power and absolute control over his subordinates. Nowadays there are many leadership theories and have different perspective and suggestion. Autocratic leadership also known as authoritarian leadership relies primarily on the use of authority in groups and in organizations goethals, 2004. Feb 12, 2017 the theory of totalitarian leadership. Researchers of this study categorized leadership styles into three main styles of leadership, which helped to organize the observations into more simplified data. Pdf the paper aims at detecting relations between participative management and rewarding strategies as well as employees job satisfaction.
Theory x is an authoritarian style where the emphasis is on productivity, on the. Influence of autocratic leadership style on the job. Usually, the decision making of aut horitarian leader is not very creative. The theory of totalitarian leadership amor mundi medium. However, the definition of democratic leadership is unclear gastil, 1994. My rationale is based on the fact that the assumptions of the leader on the part of the employee who is in the category of theory x reflects the total mental make up of an individual. Lewins study found that participative leadership, also known as democratic leadership, is generally the most effective leadership. Jan 06, 2018 authoritarian theory of mass communication originated from the philosophy of plato 407327 b. Mediation analyses show that both psychological safety and organizationbased selfesteem partially mediate the relationship between authoritarian leadership and employee silence. The authoritarian style was first described by psychologist kurt lewin in a study that identified three key styles of leadership. I authoritarian system robert bedeski encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Followers are no t allowed to participate in the process of decisionm aking. Like other leadership styles, the autocratic style has both some benefits and some weaknesses.
To do so, it adopted a comparative study design, comparing the development of the republic of singapore under authoritarian. Svolik university of illinois i examine a fundamental problem of politics in authoritarian regimes. Also known as the authoritarian leadership theory, the autocratic leadership theory involves taking charge of the group in the same way a dictator might take control of a country. Authoritarian leadership, a powerful leadership style toolshero. The children were then led in an arts and crafts project while researchers observed the behavior of children in response to the different styles of leadership. An authoritarian leader makes decisions on policies, procedures and group objectives with little or no input from his or her team members or followers. In the study, schoolchildren were assigned to one of three groups with an authoritarian, democratic or laissezfair leader.
Authoritarian leadership is a leadership style in which, without accepting participation, the authoritarian leader makes all the decisions themselves and delegates the tasks. This compliance is almost automatic, we really dont think much about it, we just do it for example, if you are driving and a police officer pulls you over and asks see. In 1960, douglas mcgregor developed a leadership theory mcgregor theory x and theory y about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions about people. Negative reinforcement and punishment are often used to enforce rules. Using social exchange theory and power dependence theory, this study proposes that authoritarian leadership negatively influences task performance through leadermember exchange lmx. The present study investigates the mediating role of perceived organizational support on the relationship between leadership styles paternalistic, participative and authoritarian leadership and. Main theories that emerged during 20th century include. Authoritarian leadership and employee silence in china. Such a leader has full control of the team, leaving low autonomy within the group. Authoritarian leadership, also known as autocratic leadership, is a management style in which an individual has total decisionmaking power and absolute control over his subordinates. The english monarchs used this approach when the printing press was invented by censoring, licensing, taxation and making laws. Leadership styles and frameworks you should know verywell mind. Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop.
Modern organizational theory views authoritarian management as a. The democratic leadershipstyle, contrary to the authoritarian one, resembles a two way. A critique of the autocratic leadership style characteristics. This article describes the theory x and theory y of douglas mcgregor. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management style and fulfillment of psychological.
Such leadership, as a style of exercising formal authority and position power, may inhibit employees extrarole behaviors in the hierarchical role structure. This article explains authoritarian leadership in a practical way. Authoritarian leadership is a leadership style in which the leader dictates and controls all decisions in the group and task. Authoritarian leadership style is present in many organizations.
Before we examine the core characteristics of autocratic leadership in terms of the four key characteristics of the theory and the way autocratic leadership can manifest, its auspicious to consider the theoretical basis of the leadership style. Autocratic leaders typically make choices based on their ideas and judgments and rarely accept advice from followers. Authoritarian leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time for group decisionmaking or where the leader is the most knowledgeable member of the group. This leader will check and punish their employees more severely and quickly. People with an authoritarian leadership style make decisions without consulting anyone else on the team. Mc gregors theory x and y are still applicable in todays leadership styles. Mcgregors xy theory is a natural rule for managing people. The autocratic approach can be a good one when the situation calls for rapid decisions and decisive actions. After reading this article, you will understand the basics of this powerful leadership style. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Autocratic leadership, also known as authoritarian leadership, is a leadership style characterized by individual control over all decisions and little input from group members. Jul 26, 2016 the core characteristics of autocratic leadership. Although controversial and authoritarian, ailes is an accomplished executive who redefined news broadcasting for the 21st century through his autocratic leadership style.
Authoritarian theory of mass communication businesstopia. The effect of participative leadership style on the. Authoritarian theory describe that all forms of communications are under the control of the governing elite or authorities or influential bureaucrats. Authoritarian leadership is a now outdated form of management that, especially in recent decades, is sure to create a lot of resistance among employees. Autocratic leaders typically make choices based on their own ideas and judgments and rarely accept advice from followers. A critique of the autocratic leadership style reveals that it brings forth some advantages such as getting things done quickly and extracting more work from employees without putting them under stress. Conversely, laissezfaire leadership is a style in which the leader provides little or no direction or supervision, and prefers to take a handsoff approach. You might say it is a request that induces compliance or obedience. According to nworgu 2006 the group of items to which the study relates i.
Leadership is the influence increment over and above mechanical compliance with the routine directives of the organization. Successful instructional leadership styles in education. List of the advantages of authoritarian leadership 1. Hannah arendt answered all these questions, yet her theory of totalitarian leadership is among the. To explore the impact of the autocratic leadership style, the. This academic evaluation examines recent theoretical developments in the study of educational leadership in school management.
Authoritarian, or autocratic, leadership tends to be viewed rather negatively, even though it is among the most common leadership styles in the business world. Regression analyses show that authoritarian leadership has a positive relationship with employee silence behaviour. Leadership is exercised when persons mobilize institutional, political, psychological, and other resources so as to arouse, engage, and satisfy the motives of followers. The four theories of the pressmedia authoritarian theory libertarian theory social responsibility theory. This style is necessary within organizations and companies that demand errorfree outcomes. Power sharing and leadership dynamics in authoritarian regimes milan w. In this guide, we will examine the main concepts behind authoritarian leadership and study the core characteristics of the style and the leaders. The images are directly translated into the world of leadership, even though authoritarian leadership can have much to offer. It begins with a concise overview of the meaning and concept of leadership in terms of research, theory, and practice. Part 1 focuses on authoritarian, or dictator leadership.
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